犬下颌骨高速投射物损伤后局部骨质中血循环变化的实验研究

Experimental study on changes of local blood circulation after high-velocity projectile mandibular injury in dogs

目的观察犬下颌骨高速投射物伤后下颌骨的血运变化。方法将8只犬随机分成A、B两组,以水平气动式多功能生物撞击机的生物高速投射实验机模式致伤。A组动物在致伤后6小时进行骨损伤区的局部血流量检测,测量骨断端边缘和距离骨断端0、0.3、0.5、1.0 cm处的血流灌注量值;B组动物在致伤后6小时及1、3、7、14天测量骨断端边缘0.3 cm的血流灌注量值。两组动物均以对侧未致伤的下颌骨相对部位作为对照。结果犬下颌骨高速投射物伤后,骨创缘和距离创缘0.3 cm的皮质骨内的墨汁灌注血管面积比率与皮质骨内血流量均小于对照侧,并不随时间的延长而有所改善;距创缘0.5 cm和1.0 cm的皮质骨内的墨汁灌注血管面积比率与皮质骨内血流量与对照侧相比均无明显差异。结论犬下颌骨高速投射物损伤后,距离骨创缘0.5 cm外的骨质内微循环未受到明显破坏,为牵张成骨术Ⅰ期修复火器伤性颌骨缺损提供了理论基础。

Objective To observe the changes of the mandibular blood circulation following high-velocity projectile mandibular injury in dogs.Methods Eight dogs were divided in two groups.They were injured by biological high-speed projective system of the multifunctional biological impactor on maxillofacial region.In group A,microcirculation was examined 6 hours after injury at the edge of fracture and areas of 3mm,5mm,10mm away from the bone defect respectively by means of ink perfusion and color doppler flow imaging（CDFI）.In group B,microcirculation was examined 6 hours,1,3,7,14 days after injury respectively at the edge of fracture in the same way.Results After high-velocity projectile injury,the proportion of vascular area and blood flow at the edge of fracture and 3mm around bone defect both decreased obviously（P0.01） comparing with the control sides.And at all time points,this situation didn＇t improve.But in the region of 5mm and 10mm around bone defect,there was no significant difference of the proportion of vascular area and blood flow.Conclusion The mandible＇s microcirculation is not severely affected out of the range of 0.5cm around the fracture,resulting in providing the theoretical basis for distraction osteogenesis in repairing mandibular defect by firearm injury.