人体热平衡的生物物理分析

Biological and physical analysis of heat balance in human body

目的分析人体产热和散热的机理以及影响散热的因素，并讨论维持人体热平衡的因素。方法利用能量守恒原理建立人与环境热交换方程，并根据不同热交换途径以及影响散热的因素建立相关方程。结果温度环境包括温度、湿度、压力、风速以及太阳辐射是影响航天员热平衡的关键因素。结论人体的各种生理活动都必须在体内温度相对稳定的条件下进行，即人体必须同周围环境之间处于相对稳定的热平衡，人才能进行正常的生理行为活动。

Objective To analyze the ways of heat exchange of human body with the environment and discuss the mechanism of heat producing and heat lossing biologically and physically. Method Using of law of conservation of energy, the heat exchange equation between man and environment was built, and the factors that can affect the heat balance of human body were discussed. Result The temperature environment, consisting temperature, humidity, air pressure, velocity of wind and solar radiation is the key factor affecting the balance of human. Conclusions The relative stable heat balance between human body and environment is necessary for normal physiological activity of man.