重大危险源风险评价及其在城市规划中的应用

Risk assessment of major hazard and its application in urban planning

城市重大危险源一旦发生事故,将造成大量人员伤亡和财产损失。构建了一种城市重大危险源风险评价方法,以个人累计风险进行定量风险分析,对全市进行风险区划,并提出相应的城市土地利用规划建议。最后以我国某城市为例,说明了城市中重大危险源风险评价的过程,及其在城市土地利用规划中的应用。

With the rapid development of industry in China, the number of establishments which are proposed or under construction is increasing year by year, and many are related to flammable, explosive, toxic, harmful and dangerous substances. Accidents such as fire, explosion and toxic diffusion are inevitable to happen. Once the accidents that were caused by the major hazard in cities happened, they will cause a large number of casualties and property lossess. It has become increasingly important to analyze the risk of major hazard in cities reasonabley, have a suitable planning and utilization of the surrounding land based on the risk analysis results, and reduce the hazards of the accidents. A theoretical system for risk assessment of major hazard in cities was proposed in this paper, and the major haz- ard risk of the entire city was analyzed quantitatively. Risk of various major accidents were considered together, superposition effect was analyzed, individual risk contours of the entire city were drawn out, and the level of risk in the city was assessed using ALARP （As Low As Reasonable Practicable） guidelines. After the entire city＇s indi- vidual risk distribution was obtained, then risk zones were divided ac- cording to corresponding individual risk value of HSE, and land-use planning suggestions were proposed. Finally, a city in China was used as an example to illustrate the risk assessment process of city＇ s major hazard and its application in urban land use planning. The pro- posed method has a certain theoretical and practical significance in establishing and improving risk analysis of major hazard and urban land-use planning. On the one hand, major urban public risk was avoided, and on the other hand, the land was exploited in the best possible way in order to obtain the maximum benefit from its exploitation.