采收期对澳洲青苹苹果采后品质及虎皮病的影响

Effects of Harvest Date on Postharvest Quality and Superficial Scald of Granny Smith Apples

研究了在常温(20±1)℃和冷藏(0±0.5)℃条件下澳洲青苹苹果不同采收期对果实采后品质、生理和虎皮病发病率的影响。结果表明,晚采果实的品质和风味相对较好。常温贮藏条件下,晚采果实的乙烯跃变出现时间较早,但采收期对乙烯峰值的大小影响不大,直至果实严重腐烂也未发生虎皮病;冷藏条件下,延迟采收期能明显抑制和延缓澳洲青苹苹果虎皮病的发生,保持果实较高的可溶性固形物含量;贮藏后期早采果实的腐烂率急剧升高是由极其严重的虎皮病造成的。但果实采收越晚,耐贮性越差,腐烂率高而且腐烂出现的时间早,不宜长期贮藏。因此,综合上述因素,建议辽西地区澳洲青苹苹果贮藏果实应于生长发育后期(163～170 d)的10月中下旬采收,常温20℃条件下贮藏30～40 d,冷藏0℃条件下贮藏180 d内,虎皮病发病率低,可保持良好的品质与风味。

The effects of different harvest dates on postharvest physiology and superficial scald of granny smith apples were investigated.The results showed that,fruits harvested late have relatively better quality and flavor.When stored at ambient temperature,the later the harvest date is,the earlier the ethylene climacteric maximum appears,the harvest dates have litter effect on the value of ethylene peak,and there is no superficial scald appearing until the fruits decay heavily.When stored at cold storage temperature,delaying harvest date can inhibite and delay the development of superficial scald effectively,and keep higher SSC,superficial scald is also the reason of sudden increase of decay incidence at the late storage period.Fruits harvested late storage-tolerance decrease,decay early and heavily.In a word,granny smith apples should be harvest at middle or last part of October,163～170 days after fully flower stage.It had low incidence of superficial scald and could maintained good quality and flavor when stored at 20 ℃ for 30～40 d or stored at 0 ℃ for 180 d.