论胡塞尔对逻辑学的三重分层及其意义

Husserl's Dividing of Logic into Three Strata and Its Meaning

胡塞尔认为,传统的形式逻辑可以分成三个层次,即判断的纯粹形式学、一致性逻辑(无矛盾逻辑)和真理逻辑。这三个层次并不是相互并列的,而是具有一个等级结构。判断的纯粹形式学是最低层次的,而真理逻辑则是最高层次的。胡塞尔划分逻辑学的三个层次目的是为了指明,形式逻辑只是确立了可能真理的形式规律,而未涉及认识的内容或判断的材料,因而无法排除内容上无意义的判断或质料的悖谬问题。在他看来,一门真正的真理逻辑必须对意识的意向性问题展开研究,因为逻辑的构成物实际上是范畴作用的结果,是先验主观性的产物。离开了认识的主观条件,仅凭逻辑的形式条件,我们无法获得真理性的认识。

In Husserl＇s view, objective logic can be differentiated into three strata, viz. pure morphology of judgments, consequence-logic （logic of non-contradiction） and truth-logic. The three strata are not paratactic but having a hierarchy. Pure morphology of judgments situates on the lowest level, and truth logic situates on the highest level. Husserl＇s intention of distinguishing the stratum of logic is to indicate that formal logic just establishes the formal regularity of the possible truths, but the epistemic contents or the syntactical stuffs of the judgment are not involved, as a result, the nonsense judgment in respect to content or the material countersense can not be excluded. According to him, a genuine truth-logic must investigate the intentionality of consciousness, because logical formations are actually the performances of categorical activities, the products of transcendental subjectivity. We can not obtain the genuine knowledge only with formal conditions of logic but without subjective conditions of cognition.