惠州市惠城区城乡居民健康状况及卫生服务需求调查研究

目的了解惠州市惠城区城乡居民的健康状况,预防疾病的发生及发展,为卫生资源合理配置和配置调控提供科学依据。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,抽取城乡居民2000户,共计7218人。调查内容包括人口学资料、身体健康状况、医疗保障形式、居民健康知识需求、居民对医疗服务的需求情况等。结果城区居民总患病率较农村居民显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);城区居民糖尿病、心血管疾病、高血压病、脑血管病、高血脂、痛风患病率较农村居民显著增高,而农村居民呼吸系统疾病、消化系统疾病、泌尿系统疾病患病率则较城区居民显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。城区居民对于饮食指导的需求率较农村高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。农村居民对于健康咨询、定期体检及家庭卫生与保健的需求率较城区居民高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论对城区居民应加强饮食指导及健康教育,对农村居民应重点完善医疗保障制度,提高城乡居民整体健康水平,实现人人享有基本医疗卫生服务的最终目标。

Objective To understand the health conditions of citizens in Huicheng district of Huizhou, and prevent the occurrence and development of diseases, we provide scientific basis for the reasonable allocation and regulation of health resources. Methods Cluster random sampling method was employed in this survey, then 2000 families amounting of 7218 people were selected. The contents of survey included demographic data, health conditions, the patterns of medical care assurance, requirements for health service and medical service,and so on. Results The total morbidity rate of city dwellers was significantly higher than that of country dwellers （P〈0.05）; the morbidity rates of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertensive diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, hyperlipemia and gout of city dwellers were significantly higher than those of country dwellers （P〈0.05）, and those of respiratory system diseases, digestive system diseases and urinary system diseases were significantly lower than those of country dwellers （P〈0.05）. The requirements for health inquiry, regular physical examination and family sanitation and health care of country dwellers were higher than those of city dwellers （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. Conclusion Diet guidance and health education should be enhanced in city dwellers, and medical care assurance should be improved in country dwellers. The ultimate goal that is everyone could share the basic health services would be advanced, enhancing the whole health level of citizens.