甜菊糖提取工艺进展及发展前景

Prospect and technological progress of stevioside

甜菊糖是一种天然、高甜度、低热量不致龋甜味剂,是从甜叶菊的叶子和根茎中提取精制得到,主要由Stevioside(ST)和Rebaudioside A(RA)两种成分组成,其中RA是蔗糖的理想替代品。全世界甜菊糖的年需求量近1万吨,随着甜味剂主要消费国美国批准使用,其需求量将以每年30%的速度增长;我国年生产量为3000t,国内消耗约500t,80%以上出口到日本、韩国、美国等国家,远远不能满足市场发展需求。大力开展甜菊糖的提取工艺研究与开发,进行甜叶菊新品种的培育和改良,提高甜叶菊中有效成分RA的含量,对带动我国甜菊糖产业的发展,改善我国农村农作物品种结构,具有十分重要的现实意义。本文介绍了甜菊糖的成分及其功能,甜菊糖不同成分对甜味的影响,对甜味口感的改进方法进行了分析比较。综述了甜菊糖的提取、分离、精制和改性的方法。最后就甜菊糖发展前景作了概述。

Stevia is a kind of natural,low calorie and anticaries intense sweeter,which is made from the leaves and stems of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.Stevioside and Rebaudioside A are two major sweet-tasting compounds of Stevia.Rebaudioside A is an ideal substitute of sucrose.It is estimated that the requirement of Rebaudioside A is 10000 ton per year in the world,with 30% rate growth every year,after the authorization and usage by the United States.The output is about 3000 ton per year in China,and 500 ton Stevioside were used and 2500 ton Stevioside were exported to Japan,Korea and the United States.The output of Stevia in China is far lack compared with the increasing rate of the world＇s demand.It is important for China to enlarge the planting scale of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and increase the output of Stevia.It will improve the agricultural structure and increase the farmers＇ income.The constituents and function of Stevia are introduced here,and the sweet principles are discussed.The methods of extraction,separation,purification,and modification of Stevia are reviewed.The prospect of Stevioside is discussed.