有机无机肥配施对烤烟挥发性香气物质的影响

Effects of combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on volatile aroma components in flue-cured tobacco

采用GC/MS联用分析技术对有机无机肥6种不同配施比例作用的烤烟各部位烟叶的挥发性香气物质进行测定,并对试验结果进行分析。结果表明,施用75%无机肥+25%芝麻饼肥处理的烟株下部叶新植二烯含量(1068μg.g-1)最高,施用50%无机肥+50%芝麻饼肥的处理中、上部叶的新植二烯含量(分别为1066μg.g-1,971.5486μg.g-1)最高,且各部位烟叶的类胡萝卜素降解产物总量也最高,其中β-大马酮、法尼基丙酮、4种巨豆三烯酮异构体的含量也较高;施用50%无机肥+50%芝麻饼肥的处理各部位烟叶的美拉德反应产物和芳香族氨基酸降解产物总量都较高,且上部叶的类西柏烷降解产物总量(35.1568μg.g-1)也较高,但下、中部叶总含量(分别为31.7479μg.g-1,20.5705μg.g-1)较低。综合各种香气物质含量、比例是否协调来看,施用50%无机肥+50%芝麻饼肥比纯施用无机肥更能够显著提高各种挥发性香气物质含量、比例的协调性,更有利于烟叶品质的改善。

Volatile aroma components in leaves grown by applying 6 different proportions of combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer were tested by GC/MS method to comprehensively improve aroma quality of leaves from all stalk positions in flue-cured tobacco.Results showed that application of 75% chemical fertilizer and 25% sesame seed cake fertilizer resulted the highest content of neophytadiene （1068μg·g-1） in lower position leaves,while application of 50% chemical fertilizer and 50% sesame seed cake fertilizer had the highest content of neophytadiene （1066 μg·g-1,971.5486 μg·g-1 respectively） in cutters and topper leaves.Application of 50% chemical fertilizer and 50% sesame seed cake fertilizer also resulted the greatest total carotenoid catabolites in all positions,especially the content of β-damascenon,farnesyl acetone,four isomers of megastignone,higher content of maillard reaction products and aromatic AA catabolites in three postions,and greater （35.1568 μg·g-1） total of cembratriendiol catabolites in topper leaves,lower total （31.7479 μg·g-1,20.5705 μg·g-1,respectively） in lower leaves and cutters.The application of 50% chemical fertilizer and 50% sesame seed cake fertilizer was more effective than 100% chemical fertilizer to increase content and harmony of aroma components,and hence improveing tobacco quality.