血液透析患者与肾移植术后患者营养状况调查分析

Nutrition status in hemodialysis patients and kidney transplantation patients

目的比较分析血液透析患者与肾移植术后患者的营养状态。方法使用改良定量主观整体评估(modified quantitative subjective global assessment,MQSGA)表评估患者营养状态;测定94例血液透析患者和75例肾移植术后患者的血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb),血清白蛋白(albumin,Alb)。结果血液透析半年、1年患者分别与肾移植术后半年、1年患者营养状态相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),血液透析2年患者与肾移植后2年患者营养状态差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血液透析患者半年与肾移植术后半年Hb值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);血液透析患者1年与肾移植术后1年Hb值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Alb值血液透析患者及肾移植术后患者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论血液透析患者营养状况在短时间内与肾移植术后患者差异不大,血液透析新技术、个体化透析的开展为更多患者行移植术前准备赢得更充分的时间,随着时间的延长,肾移植术后患者的营养状态比血液透析患者相对稳定。

Object To compare the nutritional status in patients with hemodialysis and those with renal transplantation. Methods Modified Quantitative Subjective Global Assessment （MQSGA） was used to evaluate nutri- tional status at different time after the treatment in 94 hemodialysis patients and 75 renal transplantation patients. Results Significant difference in nutrition status was found between the two groups after 2 years of the treatment （P〈 0.05）, but the difference was insignificant in the 6 months to 1 year period after the treatment （P〉0.05）. Apparent difference in hemoglobin between the two groups appeared one year after the treatment （P〈0.05） but not in the 6 months after the treatment （P〉0.05）. Albumin showed no difference between the two groups in the 2 years after the treatment （P〉0.05）. Conclusions Within one year after the treatment, no remarkable difference in nutrition status was found between hemodialysis patients and renal transplantation patients. After 2 years of the treatment, however, nutri- tion status was better in renal transplantation patients than in hemodialysis patients. New hemodialysis technology and individualized hemodialysis protocols will shorten the preparation period before renal transplantation.