含义、原初性与宪法忠诚——原旨主义的三种基本共识性命题

Meaning,Origin and Fidelity to the Constitution:Three Basic Propositions as Consensus of Originalism

在当今美国,原旨主义已经成为宪法理论中一种重要的"学术标签",原旨主义与非原旨主义已经成为界定学者立场和观点的重要标准。当原旨主义成为宪法解释中占据主流地位的路径时,原旨主义这个概念已经变得越来不确定,不同学者秉持的原旨主义可能只是相同标签下的不同主张和观点。借鉴米切尔.伯曼的四种类型划分来对原旨主义理论进行一番分类梳理,并在此基础上进行批判和完善,使得能够完整展现整个原旨主义家族的全貌。在对原旨主义理论整体把握的基础上分析劳伦斯.索罗姆的语义原旨主义的四种命题,进而提出原旨主义的三种基本共识性命题来作为原旨主义理论家族的"家族共性"。通过原旨主义的三种基本共识性命题可以澄清与之相近或者容易混淆的理论,明确原旨主义的基本立场和主张。

Originalism becomes an ＂academic tag＂ in the study of constitutional law of the US,as well as one mainstream approach in interpretation of constitutional law. However,it is not clear about the boundary. It is useful to employ the categorization of originalist theories to understand the spectrum of it. By understanding the consensus of originalism in three basic propositions,we can understand the common characteristics of originalism and tell the difference of like theories which may be confused,get a clear picture on the standing and claims of originalism.