罪数判断之“罪过”标准论——以想象竞合犯罪数本质的判断为例

On the "Fault" Standard of Quantity of Offence:Take the Judgment of the Essence of Imaginative Joiner Offense for Example

在中外刑法理论上,有关罪数判断标准的学说众多,主要有意思标准说、行为标准说、法益标准说、构成要件标准说和犯罪构成标准说。根据行为的层次性安排以及刑法规范的"义务性"特征,犯罪构成标准说相对符合逻辑,但是在我国理论上仍存在理解和运用上的偏差。通过比较分析,犯罪构成的核心是主观罪过,而非传统见解的危害行为。依"罪过"来判断犯罪行为的特殊性质和个数,比犯罪构成更加明确。基于"罪过"标准的运用,想象竞合犯实质是行为人基于数个罪过,实施数个行为而符合数个犯罪构成的犯罪形态,在本质上应属于数罪。

The standards of quantity of offence mainly include the doctrine of criminal intent,doctrine of criminal behavior,doctrine of legal interests and constitutive requirement doctrine in China and foreign criminal law theory.Based on the arrangement of level and the feature of ＂obligation＂ in criminal rules,relatively speaking,it＇s more logical to insist on the standards of constitutive requirement doctrine to judge the quantity of offence.However,in theory and practice,there are actually some misunderstandings.As the core factor of the construction of crime,it＇s the subject fault,not the hazard behavior for the traditional theory.Judging the special features and numbers of the criminal behavior by ＂fault＂,which should be much clearer than by the construction of crime.According to the ＂fault＂ standard,the essence of imaginative joiner offense is a kind of crime pattern,which offends different crimes though different behaviors,should be considered as plural crimes.