细胞毒性RNase及其抗肿瘤活性

Cytotoxic ribonucleases and their antitumor activity

核糖核酸酶(ribonuclease,RNase)是一类核酸水解酶,它们广泛存在于动植物中,除了具有水解RNA的活性外,有的还有一定的细胞毒性。根据结构的相似性,这些RNase属于RNase A超家族(RNase A superfamily)。RNaseA超家族包含了以牛胰核糖核酸酶为原型的不同来源的脊椎动物核糖核酸酶。细胞毒性RNase显示出抑制肿瘤细胞生长的活性,因而有望应用于肿瘤治疗中。本文对RNase A超家族中的几个成员棗核糖核酸酶A(ribonuclease A,RNaseA)、豹蛙抗癌酶(onconase,ONC)、牛蛙核糖核酸酶(Rana catesbeiana ribonuclease,RC-RNase)、牛精液核糖核酸酶(bovine seminal ribonuclease,BS-RNase)和amphinase(Amph)的结构及抗肿瘤活性进行了综述。

Ribonuclease （RNase） is a kind of nuclease,which can hydrolyze RNA.These RNases are ubiquitous in animals and plants.Besides their enzymatic activity,some of them have cytotoxicity.Based on their structure homology,cytotoxic RNases are mainly included in RNase A superfamily,which include vertebrate ribonucleases that are homologous with bovine pancreatic ribonuclease.Cytotoxic RNases can suppress tumor growth,consequently are hopeful to be a new antitumor drug candidate in clinical oncology.In this review,the structure and antitumor activity of ribonuclease A （RNase A）,onconase （ONC）,Rana catesbeiana ribonuclease （RC-RNase）,bovine seminal ribonuclease （BS-RNase） and ampinase （Amph） are discussed.