流动儿童疫苗接种及时性及影响因素分析

Timely vaccination of NIP in floating children and its influencing factors

目的了解浙江省温州市流动儿童国家免疫规划(National Immunization Program,NIP)疫苗及时接种情况,探讨及时接种率的影响因素,为制订有效干预措施提供依据。方法采用分阶段抽样方法,调查1301名流动儿童和监护人的人口学特征、NIP疫苗预防接种情况、监护人知识、态度、预防接种服务及利用情况,分析NIP疫苗及时接种率影响因素。结果卡介苗(BCG)、口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗(OPV)、百日咳-白喉-破伤风联合疫苗(DTP)、麻疹减毒活疫苗(MV)、乙型肝炎疫苗(HepB)、流行性乙型脑炎疫苗(JEV)、脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗(MPV)基础免疫(初种)及时接种率分别为58.4%,44.0%,44.7%,60.5%,47.6%,45.0%,25.1%,五苗全程及时接种率为16.1%;OPV、DTP、MV、JEV加强免疫(复种)及时接种率分别为45.7%,42.5%,20.2%,7.4%;非条件Logistic多因素分析结果表明,接生地点、家庭子女总数为流动儿童五苗全程及时接种率的主要影响因素。结论温州市流动儿童NIP疫苗及时接种率低,监护人及时免疫意识和免疫服务有待加强。

Objective To understand the timely vaccination of National Immunization Program（NIP） in floating chil-dren in Wenzhou and to analyze the factors that affect timely vaccination rate for taking effective measures.Methods Strat-ified sampling was used to investigate the demographic features of 1301 floating children and their guardians in 15 towns of 3 counties in Wenzhou,including their NIP vaccination,the guardians＇ knowledge of vaccination,attitude,service and utiliza-tion of vaccination,and to analyze the factors affecting NIP timely vaccination rate among the floating children.Results For the children 1 year old,the vaccination rate of seven NIP vaccines（BCG,OPV,DTP,MV,HepB,JEV,and MPV） was 58.4%,44.0%,44.7%,60.5%,47.6%,45.0%,and 25.1%,respectively.The timely vaccination of 5 of 7 vaccines was 16.1%.For the children 2 years old,the timely vaccinations of OPV,DTP,MV and JEV booster immunization was 45.7%,42.5%,20.2%,and 7.4%,respectively.Unconditioned logistic regression showed that the major factors affecting the timely vaccination rate of 5 vaccines were the birth place and the number of child in the family.Conclusion The timely vaccination rate of NIP vaccines in floating children is relatively low in Wenzhou.Thus the awareness of their parents and the service of NIP should be strengthened.