基底节损伤患者视-空间工作记忆的研究

Basal ganglia contributions to visual-spatial working memory

目的 探讨基底节损伤患者视-空间工作记忆的障碍及左右侧基底节损伤对视-空间工作记忆的影响,为评定基底节损伤患者工作记忆提供新方法 .方法 将25例基底节损伤患者以及25例与其人口学资料相匹配的健康人作为被试,采用视觉面孔和视觉空间的延迟匹配任务对上述2组进行视-空间工作记忆测试.结果 基底节损伤组视觉面孔工作记忆的正确率（54.5±9.6）%与视觉空间工作记忆的正确率（80.0±11.7）%均显著低于对照组[（64.3±9.5）%和（93.6±4.9）%],差异有统计学意义（u=-147.5、80.5,P＜0.01）.左侧基底节损伤患者视觉面孔工作记忆的正确率[（48.5±5.4）%]明显低于右侧基底节损伤患者[（59.2±9.8）%],差异有统计学意义（u=25.5,P＜0.01）;而在视觉空间工作记忆正确率方面的差异无统计学意义（u=52.5,P＞0.05）.基底节损伤组的视觉面孔工作记忆和视觉空间工作记忆与健康对照组相比均有障碍.结论 基底节损伤可表现出工作记忆障碍,而左、右侧基底节损伤也可能会出现认知功能的偏侧化,可通过视-空间工作记忆测试程序来检测.

Objective To explore visual-spatial working memory deficits of patients with basal ganglia damage, based on which tried to provide the new method for detecting the injuries in basal ganglia. Methods Twenty-five patients with lesions in the basal ganglia and twenty-five healthy controls performed visual-spatial working memory tasks, including a face-recognition and a spatial delayed-response. Results For the basal ganglia damage group ,the correct rate of both visual- face （ 54.5 ± 9.6 ） % and visual-spatial （ 80.0 ± 11.7 ） % working memory tasks was significantly lower than that of the control group （ （ 64.3 ± 9.5 ） %, （ 93.6 ± 4.9） %, respectively） ,and the difference was statistically significant （ u= - 147.5,80.5, P〈0. 01 ）. For the patients injured in the left basal ganglia, the correct rate of visual- face working memory （48.5 ± 5.4 ）% was obviously lower than that of patients injured in the right basal ganglia （ 59.2 ± 9.8 ） %, and the difference was statistically significant （ u =25.5, P〈0. 01 ） ;but the difference of correct rate for the visual-space working memory was not statistically significant（ u = 52.5, P〉 0.05 ）. In contrast to the controls, both the visual-face and visual-space working memory of the group with injuries in basal ganglia,had appeared to be disable. Conclusions The results confirmed that patients with lesions in basal ganglia had deficits of visual-spatial working memory,and that injuries either in the left or the right basal ganglia can probably cause the shiftiness of cognitive function. Therefore, the injuries in basal ganglia can be detected by the visual-spatial working memory tests.