6～12个月婴儿对面孔表情的认知反应特征研究

The profile of cognitive response to facial expressions in 6- to 12-month-old infants

目的 探讨6～12个月婴儿对5种面孔表情的认知反应特征.方法 155名6～12个月健康婴儿观看电脑屏幕上呈现的5种标准的面孔表情图片,记录、编码和分析婴儿对面孔表情图的视觉注意、自身情绪和行为反应.结果 不同月龄组婴儿对各种表情的注视偏好有所不同.6～8个月婴儿对各种表情的回看次数[（1.50±0.73）次,（1.39±0.81）次,（1.67±0.87）次]多于9～12个月婴儿[（1.10±0.53）次,（1.04±0.51）次,（1.12±0.61）次,P＜0.05].6～8个月婴儿对不同表情的自身情绪反应（包括积极和消极）差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;9～12个月婴儿对不同表情的自身情绪反应（包括积极和消极）差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.婴儿在观看表情图的过程中表现回看母亲、手指指向和对表情发声等积极行为反应.结论 6个月以上的婴儿已可以在视知觉上区分不同的面孔表情,最先能识别和理解高兴表情;而9～12个月的婴儿则开始逐渐能理解负性面孔表情的负性情绪意义,但对各种负性情绪表情的分类和理解还需要进一步发展.

Objective To explore the profile of cognitive response to five facial expressions in 6-to 12-month-old infants. Method One hundred and fifty-five 6-to 12-month-old healthy infants were recruited to view five kinds of normative facial emotional expression pictures which presented on computer screen. The visual attention, self emotional and behavioral responses of each infant toward the facial expressions were recorded by a web camera and then were coded and analyzed from the videotaped observations. Results The visual preference to expressions was different in different groups. 6-to 8-month-old infants looked back （ such as 1.50 ± 0.73,1.39 ±0.81,1.67 ±0.87 ） more to all expressions than 9-to 12-month-old infants（ 1.10 ± 0.53,1.04 ± 0.51,1.12 ±0. 61 ）. 6-to 8-month-old infants exhibited no obvious difference（P〉 0.05 ） while 9-to 12-month-old infants exhibited significant difference in self emotional responses （include positive and negative） to different expressions （P 〈0. 05 ）. Infants appeared some positive behaviors including looking back at mother,finger-pointing and phonating to expressions during the observation. Conclusions Infants over 6-month-age could discriminate different facial expressions,recognize and comprehend happy expression earlier. 9-to 12-month-old infants began to understand the negative emotional significance of negative facial expressions gradually, but their comprehension to negative emotional expressions was rudimentary.