震后焦虑儿童与非震区正常儿童注意控制的比较

The comparison of attentional control between earthquake anxious and normal children

目的 研究汶川震后焦虑儿童与非震区正常儿童注意控制的特点.方法 采用〈儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表〉（SCARED）筛选出震后焦虑儿童18人,并从非震区选取正常儿童18人作为对照组.两组被试分别完成视觉搜索任务.结果 （1）震后焦虑儿童的判断正确率显著低于非震区正常儿童[（0.95±0.01）,（0.98±0.01）,P＜0.01].（2）震后焦虑儿童的反应时显著长于非震区正常儿童的反应时[（1664.5±78.5）ms,（1110.7±78.5）ms,P＜0.01].（3）所有儿童在有效信息条件下的反应时显著短于无效信息条件（1304.7±61.3）ms,（1475.8±71.5）ms,P＜0.05]和中性信息条件[（1304.7±61.3）ms,（1382.3±47.4）ms,P＜0.05];中性信息条件下的反应时显著短于无效信息条件[（1382.3±47.4）ms,（1475.8±71.5）ms,P＜0.05].结论 震后焦虑儿童的注意控制能力显著低于非震区正常儿童,地震这一创伤性突发事件引起的焦虑情绪影响了震区儿童的注意控制能力.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of attentional control between Wenchuan earthquake anxious and normal children. Methods Using Screening Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders （SCARED）, 18 earthquake anxious children were chosen as participants and 18 normal children were chosen as control group. They were asked to perform a visual search task. Results （ 1 ） The judgment accuracy of earthquake anxious children was lower than normal children＇s significantly （ （ 0.95 ± 0.01 ）, （ 0. 98 ± 0. 01 ）, P 〈0.01 ）. （ 2 ） The reaction time of earthquake anxious children was significantly longer than normal children＇ s （（1664.5 ± 78.5 ） ms, （ 1110.7 ± 78.5 ） ms, P 〈 0. 01 ）. （ 3 ） There was significantly faster performance in the valid condition than in the neutral（ （ 1304.7 ± 61.3 ） ms, （ 1382. 3 ± 47.4 ） ms, P 〈 0. 05 ） and invalid condition （ （（1304.7 ± 61.3 ）ms, （1475.8 ± 71.5 ）ms; P 〈 0. 05 ）, as well as faster performance in the neutral than in the invalid condition （（1382.3 ± 47.4） ms, （ 1475.8 ± 71.5 ） ms, P 〈 0.05 ） in all children. Conclusion The performance of earthquake anxious children on top-down attentional control task is less than normal children. It indicates that anxious emotion which is brought by traumatic incidents like earthquake influents earthquake anxious children＇ s cognitive processing ability.