引进外资与失业:新经济地理观

Capital Inflow and Unemployment:The Approach of New Economic Geography

本文整合了Harris-Todaro(1970)城市失业现象与Krugman(1991)的新经济地理理论,建立了一个两国两部门的新经济地理失业模型;模型中制造业生产呈现规模经济(economies of scale)与产品差异化特性,且城市存在失业现象。本文采用数值模拟方法,分析引进外资对于失业的冲击。文章指出,随着失业国的外资引进,该国制造业扩张,但是制造业的"规模经济"效果引起制造品价格下降,而抑制了制造业部门的扩张;规模经济效果导致资本引进国的城市失业量与失业率同时下降。此结论与Corden和Findlay(1975)在小国开放经济体系关于"引入外资导致该国失业量上升、失业率不变"之发现迥然不同。

This paper sets up a two-country, two-sector model by incorporating the urban unemployment framework of Harris-Todaro （1970） into Krugman＇s （ 1991） model of new economic geography, in which there are economies of scale and product differentiation in manufacturing production, and unemployment in the urban sector. We investigate the effects of capital inflow upon urban unemployment by using of simulation method. It indicates that manufacturing output expands in response to capital inflow. However, the effect of economies of scale induced by manufacturing expansion leads to a declining in the relative price of manufacturing goods, which, in contrast to the finding of Corden and Findlay （1975）, in turn reduces the level and rate of urban unemployment.