锦州湾沿海经济开发区景观格局动态变化

Dynamic changes of landscape pattern in Coastal Economic Development Zone in Jinzhou Bay

综合运用GIS、RS及景观生态学的理论和方法,对锦州湾沿海经济开发区1992年TM、2000年ETM和2007年TM遥感影像进行解译,在类型和景观2个水平上分别对研究区的景观格局及其动态变化进行分析。结果表明:15年间,研究区的景观格局特征变化显著;从景观总体水平上看,景观斑块总数显著增加,斑块密度不断增大,最大斑块指数明显降低,景观形状日趋复杂;从斑块类型水平上看,耕地、林地和未利用地面积减少,斑块数目增多,破碎化程度增加,连通性降低;城镇用地、农村居民点及交通工矿用地面积显著增加,斑块分维指数增大,连通性增强;人口增加和社会经济的迅猛发展,公路铁路等基础建设投资的扩大对景观空间结构有着强烈的影响,使景观破碎化程度加深。

By using GIS,RS,and the theories and methodologies of landscape ecology,the 1992,2000,and 2007 Landsat TM remote sensing images of Coastal Economic Development zone in Jinzhou Bay were interpreted,and the dynamic changes of landscape pattern in the zone were analyzed at both class and landscape levels.From 1992 to 2007,the landscape pattern in the zone had a significant change.At landscape level,the total number of patches increased significantly,patch density was increasing,while the largest patch index decreased,with the landscape shape tended to be much more complicated.At class level,the areas of cropland,woodland,and abandoned land decreased,patch numbers and fragmentation increased,and connectivity became weak.On the other hand,the areas of urban land,residential land,traffic land,and mining land,as well as the perimeter-area fractal dimension index increased,and the connectivity intensified.The rapid population growth and socio-economic development and the expansion of highway,railway,and other infrastructure investments had strong influence on the changes of the landscape pattern,leading to a deeper level of landscape fragmentation.