“沉沦”之因新探——试以人格分析理论解析《沉沦》主人公的悲剧命运

A New Exploration of the Root Causes in Chenlun——Analyzing the Tragic Fate of Main Character in Chenlun Based on Freud's Personality Analysis Theory

《沉沦》深受精神分析理论影响。弗洛伊德认为完整的人格结构由本我、自我和超我三部分组成。自我必须侍侯外部世界、超我、本我三个主人,同时尽力和解三者之间的冲突。《沉沦》的主人公的自我受到外部世界、超我、本我三者包围和威胁,自我又不能协调三者之间的冲突和矛盾,导致了主人公人格结构各层次的失衡,使其灵魂无处安身,最终主人公选择以悲剧形式来成全"自我"的心愿。从弗洛伊德人格分析理论来审视《沉沦》,主人公人格结构各层次不可调和的矛盾是其悲剧命运的根源。

Chenlun（Sink） is greatly influenced by Freudian psychoanalytic theory.Freud thought that complete personality structure consists of three parts： Id,Ego,Superego.Ego must serve the owners of outside world,superego and Id and do its best to resolve the conflicts among them.The protagonist＇s ego in Chenlun is surrounded and threatened by the outside world,superego and Id,and can＇t coordinate the conflict and contradiction among them.So this leads to the unbalance of protagonist＇s personality structure at different levels,and makes his soul have no place to hide.As a result,the protagonist choose to realize ego＇s hope by the form of tragedy.According to Freud＇s personality analysis theory,irreconcilable contradiction at different level of protagonist＇ personality structure is the root of his tragic fate.