美国邦联政府行政权力的构建与影响

Construction and Effect of Executive Power of Confederation Government in the USA

行政权危害人民的自由是美国建国初期的主流政治观点。《邦联条例》没有对行政权的范畴和运行机制进行明确的规定,但行政权仍然是邦联政府不可缺少的权力组成。本文从行政机构的设置、行政权的特点、行政权运行等方面对邦联政府行政权进行了初步探索,邦联的经验表明弱小的行政权同样是有害的,甚至有导致无政府的危险。邦联的经验教训为总统制的确立铺平了道路。

The opinion that executive power is dangerous for People＇s freedom is one of the main political ideas in the early American history. Articles of Confederation,which went into effect on March first in 1781,didn＇t ordain center executive power for its confine and functional mechanism. But it is an unassailable fact that executive power plays a key role for the Confederation government. This article has made an exploration on the institutions,characteristic,and circulation mechanism of executive power. The history of Confederation has proved that weak executive power do harm to social development after Independence War,too. What＇s more dangerous is that the country has almost fallen into disordered status of anarchy. Experiences and lesson of executive power during the confederation period has paved the way for the creation of presidency.