舌下免疫治疗变应性鼻炎39例分析

Analysis on Sublingual Immunotherapy of 39 Cases with Allergic Rhinitis

目的评价标准化粉尘螨变应原疫苗滴剂舌下含服治疗变应性鼻炎的疗效和安全性。方法选择粉尘螨阳性的变应性鼻炎患者78例,随机分为两组,舌下含服免疫治疗组39例,给予舌下含服脱敏治疗;辅助治疗组39例,根据患者情况,在治疗初始给予鼻用类固醇局部喷鼻。疗程两年,治疗后均停药1年观察患者症状、体征变化,评定疗效,同时观察患者的不良反应情况。结果舌下含服治疗组有效率为82.1%,常规药物治疗组有效率为76.9%,各组治疗前后症状、体征评分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),两组有效率之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组治疗后停药1年症状、体征评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。其中舌下含服免疫治疗组3例出现局部不良反应,2例出现轻微全身不良反应,未出现严重不良反应;常规药物治疗组2例出现局部不良反应。结论应用标准化粉尘螨变应原疫苗滴剂舌下含服对变应性鼻炎患者进行免疫治疗,正确掌握适应症和方法,疗效良好、安全。

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sublingual immunotherapy on allergic rhinitis with Dermatophagoides farinae standardized extract for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Methods 78 patients with allergic rhinitis whose test result was positive for dermatophagoides farinae were divided into two groups in random： the sublingual immunotherapy group （39） and the control group （39） which accepted antihistamine drug therapy or local nasal steroid spray. The course of treatment was two years. The efficacy was evaluated one year after treatment by the changes of symptoms, physical signs and the safety by adverse effect. Results The effective rate was 82.1% in the experimental group, and 76.9% in the control group. Although the symptom score was statistically different after treatment in each group （P〈0.01）, there was no statistical difference between the two groups （P 〉0.05）. 3 patients have local adverse effect, 2 patients have mild systemic adverse effect and no serious adverse effect in the sublingnal immunotherapy group. Conclutions Sublingual immunotherapy has good effectiveness and security on allergic rhinitis.