中小学校作为避难疏散场所的规划对策研究

Research on Strategy of Planning for Primary and Middle School as Disaster Shelters

中小学校具有布局有效,设施齐备,广为人知,生活方便,互救互联,便于疏散等多方面的优点,其作为可利用的应急避难场所重要资源,在城市规划中占有重要的位置。城市因为人员密集,中小学校的利用是满足紧急避难要求所必需的,但是在汶川、玉树等特大地震的抗震救灾实施工作中,暴露出很多建设、规划以及配置等多方面的问题。基于此,通过对中小学校作为避难疏散场所的必要性和有效性进行研究,并从不同角度,不同层面的有效避难面积数据进行统计和分析,结合我国的城市规划和避难疏散规划的现状和相关标准进行比对,研究我国中小学校建筑和规划在避震疏散结构体系和避灾要求方面存在的问题,提出适宜于城市规划和建设的中小学校避难疏散利用对策,为今后中小学校的防灾规划提供依据和参考。

Primary and middle schools are of the advantages of reasonable distribution,well-equipped,well-known and convenient for living,evacuation and mutual rescue.Primary and middle schools as important resources of emergency shelter sites play an important role in urban planning.Because of dense population in urban area,it is necessary to use primary and middle schools as emergency shelters.But,in the earthquake disaster relief after the Wenchuan and Yushu great earthquakes,it exposes a lot of problems of building,planning and allocation.Based on this,the necessity and effectiveness of the primary and middle schools as disaster shelters are studied,different statistics and data of area of available shelters are summarized and analyzed from different perspectives.The relevant standards are compared in accordance with the status of urban planning and evacuation planning in our country.The problems in the aspect of building structure and planning of primary and middle schools in disaster prevention and evacuation system are studied.The strategy of building primary and middle schools as emergency shelters and disaster evacuation are put forward which can be used as references and basis for disaster prevention planning of primary and middle schools.