玉米全粉生物可降解塑料薄膜的制备及应用

Preparation and application of biodegradable plastic film from whole corn powder

以玉米全粉为原料,经增塑、增强、交联后,采用流延制膜的方法制备了生物降解塑料膜,研究了丙三醇、甲醛和尿素的量以及反应温度、反应时间、搅拌速度对塑料膜力学性能的影响。结果显示,尿素用量对膜的强度有明显的影响,其次是丙三醇的量、搅拌速度、反应温度、甲醛的量和反应时间。经优化组合,当玉米全粉3 g与聚乙烯醇2 g、0.8 g尿素、丙三醇0.6 mL、甲醛1.6 mL和100 mL H2O,在85℃、1 200 r/min的搅拌速度下反应120 min,制得膜的拉伸强度为12.86 MPa,断裂伸长率为66%。

Biodegradable plastic film was prepared by the method of continuation flow membrane using whole corn powder after the step of plasticing,reinforcing and cross linking.Effects of capacity of glycerol,formaldehyde,urea,reaction temperature,reaction time and stirring speed on capability of the plastic film were researched.The results showed that primary influencing factor on plastic film was capacity of urea,secondly,glycerol,stirring speed,reaction temperature,formaldehyde and reaction time.The optimum conditions of biodegradable plastic film have been determined：3 g whole corn powder,2 g polyvinyl alcohol,0.8 g urea,100 mL water,0.6 mL glycerol,1.6 mL formaldehyde,reaction time 120 min,stirring speed 1 200 r/min,reaction temperature 85 ℃.Its tensile strength and elongation at break were 12.86 MPa and 66%,respectively.