油用向日葵钾素吸收、分配和积累规律研究

Study on the Regularity of K Uptake,Distribution and Accumulation of Oil-sunflowers

为进一步提高向日葵的栽培技术及钾肥肥料利用率,试验选用油用型向日葵品种S31作为供试材料,采用田间试验和室内分析化验相结合的方法,研究了向日葵各器官对钾素的吸收、分配、积累规律及施钾肥效。结果表明:向日葵茎、叶的钾素吸收量呈现出相似的"S"型增长趋势,在出苗70d时(终花期)钾素吸收量达到最大值;花蕾的钾素吸收量呈直线上升趋势,在110d时(成熟期)达到最大值。向日葵钾素的日积累量呈单峰曲线变化,峰值出现在终花期;OPT处理钾素吸收速率变化幅度最大,最大值为0.194g/(株·d);CK处理钾素吸收速率变化幅度最小,最大值为0.112g/(株·d)。钾素在叶片中的分配以苗期最高为52%,到成熟期时下降到9%～16%;钾素在茎中的分配终花期时达最大值61%～66%。向日葵施用钾肥增产10%,每公斤钾增产向日葵7.17kg,施用钾肥的利用率为35.3%,每生产1t向日葵籽粒吸收K2O73.9kg。

In order to improve the utilization of sunflower＇s cultivation techniques and potash fertilizer,this study chose the oil-sunflower variety named S31,the research studied the effect of the regularity of potassium＇s absorption, distribution,accumulation and potash fertilizer through the methods combined field experiments,indoor chemical analysis and biological statistics. In result,the potassium uptake of sunflower＇s stems,leaves showed a similar ＂ S＂ curve. In the 70th day of emergence（end of flowering） ,the K content reached to the maximum,and the disc potassium up-take of sunflowers showed a trend of the upward linear; in the 110th day of emergence （mature） ,the K content reached to the maximum between 1. 53-2. 09 g /plant. The day accumulation of potassium of sunflower showed a single peak curve,the peak appears in the end of flowering. The potassium absorption rate changed maximally in OPT treatment,and the maximum was 0. 194 g /（plant·d） ,while it changed minimally in CK treatment,and the maximum was 0. 112 g /（plant·d） . The potassium distributed in leaves（52% ） reached the highest in the seedling state,and it reduced to 9%-16% in the mature stage. The distribution of potassium was up to 61%-66% maximum in the stems in the end of flowering period. The sunflower using potash fertilizer increased the yield by 10% ; and the potassium increased the yield of sunflower 7. 17 kg per kilogram. The utilization rate of potassium fertilizers was 35. 3% ,and 73. 9 kg potassium was absorbed to produce 1 t sunflower.