城市新移民的职业获得:一个比较理论研究

Occupational Status Attainment of New Urban Immigrants:A Perspective of Comparison Theory

个人在劳动力市场上的职业获得既受制于个人的人力资本,同时也深深地嵌入于个人的社会关系网络之中。本文考察人力资本理论、社会资源理论、弱关系理论、强关系理论和结构洞理论如何影响城市新移民的职业获得。经验资料取自2007年在上海调查获得的城市新移民问卷调查资料。研究发现,人力资本和社会资本均对个人在劳动力市场上的职业获得发挥重要影响,但社会资本比人力资本的影响更大;强弱关系理论和结构洞理论对城市新移民的职业获得没有影响。这些发现表明,人力资本、社会资源理论、弱关系理论、强关系理论和结构洞理论对当前中国劳动力市场上个人职业获得具有不同的解释效力。

The occupational status attainment in labor market is dependent on personal human capital; it is also deeply embedded in social relations.This study examines how five mechanisms—human capital,social capital,weak ties,strong ties and structural holes—affect occupational status attainment of new urban immigrants.Empirical evidence is drawn from 539 questionnaires on the occupational status attainment of new urban immigrants in Shanghai.The author finds both human capital and social capital play a significant role in occupational status attainment,and the social capital makes more contributions than human capital,whereas weak ties,strong ties and structural holes have no effect.These findings suggest human capital,social capital,weak ties,strong ties and structural holes have different validity to interpret the occupational status attainment in labor market in contemporary China.