基于土地资源结构演进的区域生态系统健康评价

Regional Eco-system Health Evaluation Based on Land Resource Structural Evolution

土地资源结构演进直接导致各类生态系统类型、面积以及空间分布格局变化,对区域生态系统健康水平和发展趋势有着重要影响。本文运用景观生态格局指数分析方法,对新疆阿克苏市12年土地利用变化进行研究;通过对土地资源类型赋予相应的相对生态价值,从测算区域总体生态价值变化的角度评价土地资源结构演进对区域生态健康状况的影响,其目标是为西北生态脆弱地区的区域土地利用总体规划和土地资源的可持续利用提供科学依据。研究结果表明,区域各土地资源类型间相互转移,在不同土地资源结构下,各子生态系统的相对生态价值变化明显,对区域生态健康的贡献程度表现不一;各分区域生态子系统的生态健康水平变化可划分为为持续提升区、先升后降区、先降后升区3种类型;总体而言,区域生态健康状况趋势由较健康型向健康型转变。研究认为,土地利用类型生态价值的精确赋值对区域生态健康水平评价非常关键,可通过生态系统长期定位研究、结合实验观测与系统模拟获得。

The land resource structural evolution plays an important role in the regional ecosystem health situation and developing trends,for it directly leads to the changing of types,size and spatial distribution pattern of eco-system.Employing methods of landscape ecology index,and through endowing relative ecological value to land use type,this paper analyzed the characteristics of recent 12 years land use change during past 12 years in Akesu City,situated in the south of Xinjiang Autonomous region,and discussed the effects of land resource structure change on regional ecological health from the perspective of evaluating the overall regional ecological value,aiming to provide the scientific support for land use planning and sustainable land resource utilization.The results showed that transformation often occurred among different land use types,and the land resource structure in each transformation phase differed quite obviously.Under different land resource structures,there was a great disparity in ecological value of sub-ecosystems,which played various roles in regional ecological health.The relative ecological value of sub-ecosystem would are classified into three types that were ＂increase first and decrease then＂,＂decrease first and increase then＂ and ＂continuous increase.＂In general,the situation of regional ecological health would gradually become better.This study suggests that it＇s crucial for the regional ecological health assessment to exactly endow relative ecological value to land use type and it can be obtained through the long-term orientation,and the combination of experimental observation and system simulation.