中国限制塑料袋使用的政策效果及国际经验借鉴

The Effects of Chinese Plastic Bag Regulation and International Experience Comparisons with

塑料袋在作为人们日常生活的必需品被广泛使用的同时,也造成了日益严重的环境污染。为减轻塑料袋使用所造成的负面环境影响,中国商务部、国家发展改革委和国家工商总局在借鉴国际和国内部分地区的限塑经验的基础上,共同颁布了《商品零售场所塑料购物袋有偿使用管理办法》,并于2008年6月1日生效。本研究采用"自然实验"的经济学研究方法,通过在该政策执行前后分别进行大规模随机抽样调查,对消费者的塑料购物袋使用行为的中短期变化进行了定量评估,并在结合国际限塑经验的基础上对该政策的长期效果进行了讨论。研究结果表明,该政策的实行在中短期减少约一半的塑料袋使用量,并且对不同类型的消费者具有不同的政策影响;长期塑料袋使用量虽会呈现缓慢回升的趋势,但该政策对塑料袋使用量的削减作用依然十分显著。此外,本文进一步比较了实行限制塑料袋使用政策的两个主要国家的经验和教训,结合我国实行的限塑政策进行讨论,发现我国限塑政策的不足,并提出相应的政策改进建议。

Plastic bags have generated increasingly serious environmental pollution while being widely used as daily necessity.In an attempt to reduce the negative environmental impacts of the bags,Chinese Ministry of Commerce,Chinese National Development and Reform Commission,and Chinese State Administration for Industry and Commerce jointly issued ＂The Administrative Byelaw for Non-free Use of Plastic Shopping Bags in Retailer Occasions＂ and implemented it nationwidely on June 1,2008.By using the policy implementation as a natural experiment and collecting individual-level data before and after the implementation,we investigate the short-term effects of the regulation on consumers＇ plastic bag use.We find that implementing the regulation reduced plastic bag consumption by half in the short-term,and the effects of the regulation differed among groups of consumers.Moreover,by comparing the Chinese regulation with the experiences of imposing national regulation on plastic bag use in Ireland and North Africa,this paper provides recommendations on further policy improvement.