环境伦理观与社会语境——对比研究《老人与海》与《沙乡年鉴》

Reading A Sand County Almanac and The Old Man and Sea from the Perspective of Environmental Ethics

本文剖析海明威的《老人与海》与利奥波德的《沙乡年鉴》所反映的社会语境与其代表的环境伦理观的内在联系,展现利奥波德提出的土地伦理所代表的生态中心主义伦理观的社会和经济基础,突出《老人与海》所反映的弱势人类中心主义环境伦理观的立场与观点,说明个体与社会的关系直接影响个体与自然的关系,个体所处的社会语境影响其环境伦理观。本文的对比研究肯定了环境伦理观作为文学批评方法的价值,显现出弱势人类中心主义环境伦理观作为文学批评方法的重要意义。

In comparing Leopold＇s A Sand County Almanac and Hemingway＇s The Old Man and Sea,this article shows clearly that the different environmental ethics represented by these two works are related with their different social contexts.It reveals the social,economic position from which Leopold advocates the ecocentrism represented by his land ethic as well as the social context of the weak anthropocentrism taken by The Old Man and Sea.This comparison not only suggests that one＇s environmental ethics is much decided by the social context that one lives in,but also confirms the value of environmental ethics,especially weak anthropocentrism as important critical approaches.