试论苏联文学对历史的文本建构

Approaching History in the Literature of the Soviet Union

苏联文学对历史的文本建构有三种模式:第一种模式是作家以主流意识形态把握历史的进程,作家的主体意识受控于主流意识形态话语,作家无法透过历史的表象探究内在本质的规律;第二种模式是作家以独立的精神探索表达对历史的感悟,以理性的批判意识建构个人的历史观,避免了主体性的丧失,但也限制了读者对历史自由感受的空间;第三种模式是将对历史的体悟建立在对历史中人的审美观照和对历史进程的隐喻化审美表达之上,通过对历史中人的精神世界的审美观照和对历史进程荒诞性的隐喻化表现,达到对历史深刻的个性化体悟。

The Soviet Union produced a large amount of literature with a historical sweep.This essay examines three main types of history constructed in literature of the Soviet Union,namely mainstream history,authorial history,and textual history.Mainstream history constructs a particular version of reality from the dominant perspective and reflects the interest of the ruling class.Authorial history goes beyond the mainstream history by offering alternative interpretations that challenge the existing ideology.However,in those works,too much authorial involvement restricts the reader＇s evaluation and sets limits on what a literary text provokes.The third type emphasizes the importance of language in the construction and apprehension of the past.Seeing literary texts as an aesthetic and metaphorical expression of individual experiences,those writers critically interrogate history and weave that interrogation into the texture of the historical writing.