论司马迁的尚贤思想

Sima Qian's View on Talented People

司马迁的尚贤思想历来广受史家重视。对于贤的理解,关系到对于贤人标准的认识,他认为贤具有德才两个方面的内容,德的内容较复杂,本文主要是指道德,而才则是才能之意。在德才观上,司马迁并不求全责备,他认为只要具有德与才中的一个方面便可以被称之为贤。同时,司马迁主张贤人治国,一方面,从君主的层面上来讲,君主应为贤者所居;另一方面,从臣子的层面上来讲,臣子也应为贤者所居,由贤臣来辅佐君主。德才观与贤人治国理念共同构成了司马迁尚贤思想的核心内容。

Sima Qian advocated countries should be administered by virtuous and talented people,which is highly appreciated by scholars and historians.He argued that ability referred to two aspects,virtue and talent.Virtue has multiple meanings,while talent means abilities.Sima Qian didn＇t demand perfection,one could be regarded as talented people as long as he possesses one of these two aspects.Furthermore,Sima Qian insisted that for a country,both the sovereigns and ministers should be these talented persons.He suggested that sovereigns and ministers should be virtuous and able persons.Both the view on ability and political integrity and the concept that countries should be governed by talented people had formed Sima Qian＇s main viewpoints.