清代科道官弹劾机制研究

Stiudy on the Impeachment Mechanism of KeDao Officer in Qing Dynasty

科道官是清代执行监察职能的主体,而弹劾是科道官行使监察职能的最重要手段,科道官主要以他人具揭和风闻为据进行弹劾,文武官员的犯罪、违法、违纪、失职等各种不法行为均在其弹劾之列。但在肯定科道官弹劾绩效的同时,科道官监察作用发挥的空间毕竟有限,参奏不实、摭拾细故、假公济私、谗间忠良及袒庇私人的现象限制了弹劾机制的正常发挥。

The KeDao officer is the principal part of supervision system in Qing Dynasty.Impeachment is the most important means for KeDao officer to exercise supervision.The basis of the impeachment is the expose and rumor of another officer.All of the crime,discipline,negligence and other wrongful act of civil and military officers are the list of the impeachment.However,while confirming the impeachment performance of the KeDao officer,the role of the monitoring role is limited.The phenomenon of the collect trivia,self-dealing,slander good people limited the mechanism of the impeachment.