新护士护理软技能影响因素的调查及差异性分析

Factors Impacting Nursing Soft Skills of New Nurses and the Difference

目的了解新护士的护理软技能水平的影响因素并分析其差异性,为护理软技能培训提供依据。方法以护理软技能测评量表为工具,采取分层整群抽样的方法按不同行政区、不同医院等级在全国抽取2816例样本进行施测,对样本资料进行一般描述性统计、多元回归分析及方差分析。结果不同医院等级、不同年龄组、不同行政区、不同婚姻状况、不同文化程度、不同科室的新护士护理软技能水平表现出明显差异:三级医院护士软技能水平明显高于二级医院,其中人际关系技能最为突出;30岁以上护士组织管理技能、自我管理技能得分最高,30岁以下护士护理软技能得分随年龄增加呈下降趋势;华北地区护士总体软技能最高,华南地区除认知技能外得分最低;ICU、传染科护士总体软技能水平居第一,精神科护士在组织管理、自我管理、认知技能上得分最高,而人际关系技能则接近最低水平;未婚高于已婚;本科高于大专。结论医院等级、护士年龄、行政区、婚姻状况、文化程度、科室为影响新护士软技能水平的显著因素,建议医院管理者进行针对性培训提高护理软技能。

Objective To know the factors impacting the nursing soft skills of new nurses,and analyze the difference so as to provide a basis for soft skills training.Methods The stratified cluster sampling was taken to choose 2 816 new nurses from different regions of China,and nursing soft skills evaluation scale was used for investigation.The data were treated by generally descriptive statistics,multiple regression analysis and covariance analysis.Results There was obvious difference about the nursing soft stills of new nurses from different graded hospitals,age groups,administrative regions,marriage situations,educational backgrounds,and divisions.The soft skill was higher in the tertiary hospitals than in the secondary hospitals,especially in interpersonal skill.The nurses whose age above 30 got the highest score in organization management skill and self-management skill;while the soft skill of nurses whose age lower than 30 had a decreasing trend in scores along with increased age.The soft skill of new nurses in north China was the highest while that in south China was the lowest except for cognitive skills.The nurses in ICU,contagious division came in first place in total sore,the nurses in psychiatric division got the highest scores in organizational management,self-management and cognitive skills,but their score of interpersonal skills was close to the lowest level.The score of single nurses was higher than that of the married,and the score of college graduates was higher than junior college graduates.Conclusion Hospital grade,age of nurse,administrative region,marital status,education level and division are the significant factors impacting the soft skills of new nurses.It is suggested that hospital administrators to carry on the pertinence training for improving the nursing soft skills of new nurses.