近视眼模型的形态学及视网膜超微结构观察

Observation on morphology of myopic model and retina ultrastructure

目的研究近视眼组织结构改变，探索其发病机制。方法将雏鸡单眼眼睑逢合，验光确定近视形成后，摘出眼球进行测量及光、电镜检查。结果缝合组眼球三条径线均明显增大，平均屈光度为－１５．００Ｄ。光镜下见缝合组视杆细胞外节较长，与视网膜色素上皮（ｒｅｔｉｎａｌｐｉｇｍｅｎｔｅｐｉｔｈｅｌｉｕｍ，ＲＰＥ）细胞胞体相接，用测微器测量巩膜软骨层增厚，视网膜变薄。电镜下见缝合组视杆细胞外节变长，膜盘完整，ＲＰＥ细胞胞质内含有外节膜盘片断的吞噬体明显减少。结论早期形觉剥夺可影响鸡视细胞外节膜盘脱落，并引起眼球增大。

Objective To study the global and histological changes of myopia and explore its pathogenic mechanism. Methods Chicks were reared with monocular suture of eyelid.When myopia had been confirmed by optometry,eyeballs were removed and subjected subsequently to measurement and light and electron microscopies. Results Three dimensions in the eyeballs of suture group were all enlarged markedly and the mean diopter was -15.00D.Under the light microscope,rod outer segment elongated and connected With RPEC in suture group.With micrometer measure,cartilaginous sclera thickened and retina became thinner.Under electron microscope,rod outer segment elongated and membrane disc was intact.In the cytoplasm of RPEC,the phagosomes containing fractions of the membrane disc of outer segment were remarkably decreased. Conclusion Early form deprivation may affect the drop of membrane disc and cause eyeball enlargement;thus,myopia forms.