文化反哺的辩证解读:大学生家庭中的亲子互动

On Cultural Feedback in Parent-child Interaction of College Student's Family From:a Dialectic Perspective

玛格丽特·米德从文化传递的角度划分了前喻文化、并喻文化、后喻文化三种文化类型,认为二战后全人类正朝着"后喻文化"时代一去不返。改革开放后,我国学者采用"文化反哺"概念对应后喻文化,并在中国验证这一观点。本文以经验调查为基础,考察新时期中国大学生家庭中的亲子互动,发现应当辩证地解读"文化反哺"。主要发现:(1)文化反哺的确存在。网络社会,新文化难以被"遮蔽"或"收编",大学生对于亲代的反哺在广度、深度和渠道上均有拓展,时效性上得到很大提升。(2)文化反哺表现出全球化和在地化的勾联,中国传统文化依然得到传承。相较于正向社会化,文化反哺在方式上和程度上体现出不对等性。(3)亲代和大学生子代都生长于改革开放的年代,在解决亲子冲突时采取激烈的、对抗的、敌对的方式非常之少,而代之温和的、理性的和非对抗的方式。(4)相对同辈群体而言,"大学生"作为优势身份符号对于文化反哺的实现更具积极意义,所学专业与日常生活的关联度对于文化反哺具有正向作用。概括地说,当下中国三种文化类型并存,传统的正向社会化模式并没有被后喻文化取代,且依然意义重大。

From the perspective of cultural transmission,Margaret Mead divided three culture types:postfigurative culture,cofigurative culture and prefigurative culture,and argued that the human being is moving in the era of 'prefigurative culture' after World War II.Since the implementation of reform and opening-up policy,Chinese scholars use 'cultural feedback' reflects the behavior of prefigurative culture,and validate this view in China.This empirical studies focus on cultural feedback in parent-child interaction of college student's family.The author finds that the dialectic perspective should be introduced.The main findings:(1) cultural feedback does exist,in the network society,new culture is difficult to be 'covered' or 'incorporated',the breadth,depth,and channels of cultural feedback have been greatly expanded,and the timeliness has been greatly improved.(2) cultural feedback shows the characteristic of the hook of globalization and localization,the inheritance of Chinese traditional culture remains.Compares to forward socialization,cultural feedback(reverse socialization) shows the asymmetry in the manner and the extent.(3) for parents and their college students child both grew up in the era of reform and opening up,they often settle the parent-child conflict with the moderate,rational and non-confrontational way in stead of violent,confrontation,hostility way.(4) compares the peer groups,as a status symbol,'college student' has more positive significance in cultural feedback.relational degree between specialized field and the daily life has a positive effect for cultural feedback.In summary,three kinds of culture types coexistence in current China,traditional pattern of socialization has not been replaced by prefigurative culture and still has great significance.