论卢梭社会契约“结合”的动机与目的

On the Motive and Purpose of Unity in Rousseau's Social Contract

尽管人们非常熟悉卢梭的《社会契约论》,但人们往往把卢梭社会契约中人与人结合的动机与霍布斯—洛克式"自我保存"动机混淆起来。其实,卢梭社会契约结合的动机不同于霍布斯—洛克式的"自我保存",它的动机是与卢梭所一直关注的政治哲学问题紧密相关的,即一个政治共同体如何避免一个人的自然性情与外在义务之间的冲突。因此,由这个动机决定的卢梭社会契约结合之目的是试图构建一个政治共同体,这个共同体一方面能够教化自然人成为一个有美德的公民,另一方面这一共同体能够使人产生一种依恋于它的归属感,从而消除自然性情与外在义务之间的冲突。

Although people are familiar with Rousseau＇s Social Contract,they tend to confuse the motive of human unity in Rousseau＇s social contract with Hobbes-Locke＇s motive of ＂self preservation＂.Actually the motive of Rousseau＇s social contract is different from that of Hobbes,which is closely related to Rousseau＇s political philosophical issues.That is how a political community should avoid the conflict between a person＇s natural inclinations and external obligations.Therefore,the purpose of unity in Rousseau＇s social contract,decided by this motive,is to build a political community,which can not only educate a person to be citizen with virtue but also make him develop sense of belonging to the community.Thus the conflict mentioned above is then eliminated.