压力测试及其在中美两国中的应用

Stress Test and Its Application in US and China

在全球金融危机之中,传统的风险评估和预警机制没有发挥预期作用,压力测试作为一个重要评估工具,逐渐被各界重视。巴塞尔银行监管委员会于2009年5月发布了《压力测试实践和监管稳健原则》,针对压力测试在各个金融机构中的运用有了具体的指导思想,而同年美国为应对次贷危机在19家银行间开展的压力测试也是一次具有较大影响力的尝试。另一方面,在中国房地产市场面临调整的情况下,作为一种新型的风险检验方法,2010年中国银监会针对银行房地产信贷开展的大规模压力测试,其结果则有待实践检验。

Stress test is an assessment method with the premise of small possibility events, therefore commercial banks usually consider it as the complementaly risk evaluation in momentous financial project, and losing sight of its significance in daily operation. In global financial crises, as the finance organizations were disappointed by traditional risk evaluation methods, stress test has been attached importance in capital market. In May 2009, Basel Committee on Banking Supervision promulgated ＂Principles for sound stress testing practices and supervision＂ , instructing the framework of the stress testing practices in financial organizations. In the same year, United States used stress test to detect the losses in the crises between 19 banks as an influence attempt. On the other hand, in 2010 while the Chinese assets market is facing adjustment, the result of real estate credit stress testing is waiting for the proof-testing of practice.