注蒸汽条件下稠油中沥青质催化降解实验研究

Experimental Study on Catalyzed Asphaltine Degradation of Heavy Oil in Steam Injection

利用高温高压反应釜研究了以自制的油溶性有机镍盐作为催化剂进行稠油中沥青质降解反应。正交试验确定了最佳反应条件为:反应温度240℃,反应时间24h,催化剂用量0.6wt%(以沥青质质量计算)。对反应前后的沥青质进行了元素测定,发现反应后H/C原子比增加,S含量的降低,沥青质相对分子质量的下降主要是桥链硫醚和桥链及侧链脂肪单元断裂的结果。采用红外光谱对反应前后沥青质的结构进行了测定,反应后沥青质中重质组分的结构发生了变化,重质组分的减少,轻质组分的增多。催化剂的加入可以降低沥青质分子内及分子间的极性相互作用,使沥青质分子骨架在空间里尽可能呈现松弛状态,与沥青质分子中的杂原子发生了作用,使部分氢键被破坏,部分C—R键发生断裂。

The self-made organic oil soluble nickel salt as a catalyst is studied which carried out asphaltine degradation of heavy oil under the condition of high temperature and high pressure. Orthogonal test determined the optimized reaction condition： reaction temperature 240 ℃; reaction hour 24 h; catalyst 0.6 wt% （calculated by mass of asphaltine）. Asphaltine was tested in element determination before and after reaction,it was discovered that atomic ratio of H/C increased,S contents reduced after the reaction,reduction of relative molecular mass was mainly due to the fracture between bridge chains of sulfuret and bridge or side chains of fats units. Infrared spectrum tested asphaltine structure before and after reaction. Heavy components structure has changed after reaction,heavy components reduced and light components increased. Adding catalyst can decrease inter and intra effect of asphaltine molecular polarity,which left scaffold in a relaxed state,took effect with heteroatoms,destroyed hydrogen bond and fractured partial C-R bonds.