2Runkel NS, Hinz U, Lehnert T , et al. Improved outcome after emergency surgery for cancer of the large intestine[J]. Br J Surg,1998,85(9) :1260- 1265.
3Buechter KJ, Boustany C, Caillouette R, e t al. Surgical Management of the Acutely Odstructed Colon [ J ]. Am J Surg.1988,156(3) :163 - 168.
4Moreaux J, Catala M. Carcinoma of the colon : long time survival and prognosis after surgical treatment in a series of 798 patients [J]. World J Surg, 1987,11 (6) :804 - 809.
5Brothers TE, Strodel WE, Eckhauser FE. Endoscopy in colonic volvulum . [J]. Ann Surg, 1987,206(1) :1 -4.
6Bak MP, Boley SJ. Sigmoid volvulus in elderly patients [J]. Am J Surg, 1986,151( 1 ) :71 -75.
7Ratto C, Solo L, lppoliti M , e t a l. Prognostic factors in coloroctal cancer:literature review for clinical application [ J ]. Dis Colon Rectum,1998,4(9) : 1033 - 1046.
8Dutton JW, Hreno A, Hampson LG. Mortality and Prognosis of Obstructing Carcinoma of the Large Bowel [J]. Am J Surg,1976,131( 1 ) :36.
9Davis Christopher. Textbook of Surgery. [ M ]. 12th ed. Philadelphia : Saunders. 1981. 1003.