文化、文明与世界政治：不断深化的研究议程

Cultures,Civilizations,and World Politics:A Deepening Research Program

冷战结束之后,文化和文明开始进入国际关系的研究范畴,对其研究虽然一直没有间断,但它们也没有形成有重大影响的研究议程。美国学者彼得.卡赞斯坦最近主编的《世界政治中的文明:多元多维的视角》一书有可能推动建立以学术为主导的研究议程。本文作者使用结构-过程和冲突-融合两个向度构建出一个分析框架,用以梳理世界政治中的文化和文明研究。这一框架将国际关系领域的文化和文明研究分为四个类型:结构冲突型、结构融合型、过程冲突型和过程融合型。这些研究类型从不同视角审视了文化和文明在世界政治中的作用,也反映了本体论和认识论的一些不同。文化和文明研究正在形成一个具有潜力的学术研究议程,中国的辩证思维方式可以丰富这一议程。

The study of cultures and civilizations has formally become part of International Relations since the end of the Cold War. Despite the continual scholarship,it has not become an influential research program. The volume recently edited by Peter Katzenstein's,Civilizations in World Politics:Plural and Pluralistic Perspectives,is a major effort to help establish such a program for academic purposes. This paper sets up an analytical framework to review the studies of cultures and civilizations in International Relations. Employing the two dimensions of structure-process and conflict-convergence,it distinguishes four ideal types of cultural/civilizational studies in world politics:structure-conflict,structure-convergence,process-conflict,and process-convergence. These types evaluate roles of cultures and civilizations in world politics from different perspectives,reflecting gaps in ontology and epistemology. The study of cultures and civilizations has been evolving into a potentially productive research program,which can be enriched by Chinese dialectics.