云南省富源县2003—2009年狂犬病流行特征分析

Analysis on Epidemiological Characteristics of Rabies in Fuyuan County of Yunnan Province during 2003-2009

目的分析富源县2003—2009年狂犬病流行特征,为今后预防控制狂犬病提供科学依据。方法对所收集到的全部疫情资料及狂犬病个案调资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果富源县在2003—2009年共发生狂犬病23例,发病高峰在2006年(20例),发病率为2.87/10万;2003、2007、2009年分别发生狂犬病1例,2004、2005、2008年无狂犬病发生;发病率范围波动在0～2.87/10万之间,年均发病率为0.46/10万;男性明显多于女性,少年儿童和青壮年病例较多,农民发病最多;夏秋季节病例较多。病例中95.65%为犬伤,4.35%为猫咬伤。86.96%的病例伤后未进行处理或规范处理,78.26%未进行预防接种。结论养犬数量大而免疫率低、暴露后未进行伤口的规范处理、狂犬病免疫制剂使用率低是富源县狂犬病疫情上升的主要原因。

[Objective]To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies in Fuyuan County during 2003-2009,provide scientific basis for prevention and control of rabies.[Methods]All epidemic data and individual case reports of rabies were analyzed with descriptive epidemiology.[Results]During 2003-2009,there were 23 cases of rabies in Fuyuan County,the incidence peak occurred in 2006 （ 20 cases） with the incidence rate of 2. 87 /lakh. There was 1 case of rabies in 2003,2007 and 2009 respectively. No rabies case was reported in 2004,2005 and 2008. The range of incidence rate was 0 ～ 2. 87 /lakh,and the average annual incidence rate was 0. 46 /lakh. There were more male patients than female patients,most of patients were children and young adults,and incidence rate of farmers was the highest. The majority cases occurred in summer and autumn. 95. 65% of cases were dog bite injury,and 4. 35% of cases were cat bite. 86. 96% of cases did not received standard treatment after trauma,and 78. 26% did not conduct vaccination.[Conclusion]The main reasons of increasing incidence rate of rabies in Fuyuan County were large number of dog with low immunization rate,absence of standard treatment after trauma and low usage rate of rabies vaccine.