北京市怀柔区2005—2009年度流行性感冒监测结果

Monitoring Results of Influenza in Huairou District of Beijing during 2005-2009

目的通过对2005年12月—2009年12月北京市怀柔区流行性感冒(流感)的病原学监测数据的分析,了解北京市怀柔区流感病原学特征,为今后怀柔区的流感防治提供科学依据。方法依据《全国流感监测实施方案》要求的标准进行流行病学和病原学监测。从流感样病人呼吸道采集咽拭子,接种于马-达氏犬肾(MDCK)细胞进行病毒分离和分型鉴定。结果 2005年3月—2006年3月流行期采集流感样病例咽拭子157件,分离出流感病毒59株,阳性率为37.58%。其中甲3亚型4株,占6.78%;甲1亚型12株,占20.34%;乙型43株,占72.88%。2006年4月—2007年3月流行期采集流感样病例咽拭子96件,分离出流感病毒46株,阳性率为47.92%。其中甲3亚型37株,占80.43;甲1亚型8株,占17.39%;乙型1株,占2.18%。2007年4月—2009年10月流行期采集流感样病例咽拭子256件,分离出流感病毒75株,阳性率为29.30%。其中甲3亚型40株,占53.33%;乙型35株,占46.67%。2009年流行期采集流感样病例咽拭子2305件,分离出流感病毒639株,阳性率为27.72%。其中甲1亚型24株,占3.76%;甲3亚型99株,占15.49%;乙型48株,占7.51%。新型H1N1型468株,占73.24%。2005—2009年怀柔区流感样病例以12月和1月检出率最高,2005年3月—2007年3月常规监测和暴发监测病例的病毒分离阳性率高于2007年4月—2009年10月的病毒分离阳性率5.1%和46.11%。结论北京市怀柔区流感流行高峰期为冬季,2005—2006年乙型流感病毒为流行优势毒株,2006—2007和2007—2008年流行优势株为甲3亚型毒株,2009年流行优势株为新型H1N1型毒株。流感病毒的分离率与样本采集的质量有关。

[Objective]To analyze the etiological monitoring data of influenza from December 2005 to December 2009 in Huairou district of Beijing,so as to understand the etiological characteristics of influenza,provide scientific basis for prevention and control of influenza in Huairou district.[Methods]The epidemiological and etiological monitoring was carried out according to the National Influenza Surveillance Program. The throat swabs sampled from respiratory tract of influenza like patients were inoculated in MDCK cells to isolate the virus and identify the types.[Results]During the epidemic season from March 2005 to March 2006,157 throat swab specimens were collected from influenza like patients,59 strains of influenza viruses were isolated with the isolation rate of 37. 8% . 4 strains were identified as A3,which accounted for 6. 78% ; 12 strains were identified as A1 viruses,which account for 20. 34% ; 43 strains were identified as B,which accounted for 72. 88% . During the epidemic season from April 2006 to March 2007,96 throat swab specimens were collected from influenza like patients,46 strains of influenza viruses were isolated with the isolation rate of 47. 92% . 37 strains were identified as A3,which accounted for 80. 43% ; 8 strains were identified as A1,which account for 17. 39% ; 1 strain was identified as B,which accounted for 2. 18% . During the epidemic season from April 2007 to October 2009,256 throat swab specimens were collected from influenza like patients,75 strains of influenza viruses were isolated with the isolation rate of 29. 30% . 40 strains were identified as A3,which accounted for 53. 33% ,and 35 strains were identified as B,which accounted for 46. 67% . During the epidemic season in 2009,2305 throat swab specimens were collected from influenza like patients,639 strains of influenza viruses were isolated with the isolation rate of 27. 72% . 24 strains were identified as A1,which accounted for 3. 76% ; 99 strains were identified as A3,which account for 15. 49% ; 48 strains were identified as B,which accounted for 7. 51% ; 468 strains were identified as new A （ H1N1） ,which accounted for 73. 24% . From 2005 to 2009,the highest positive rate of influenza like cases occurred in December and January in Huairou district. The isolation positive rate of routine monitoring and outbreak cases from March 2005 to March 2007 was higher than that from April 2007 to October 2009 （ 5. 1% and 46. 11% ） .[Conclusion]The epidemic peak of influenza was in winter in Huairou district. During 2005-2006,the predominant strain was influenza B virus. From 2006 to 2008,the predominant strain was A3 virus. The predominant strain was A （ H1N1） in 2009. The isolation rate is related to quality of samples.