北京市房山区2007—2009年居民主要死因分析

Analysis on Leading Death Causes of Residents in Fangshan District of Beijing during 2007-2009

目的了解北京市房山区居民的健康状况及主要死因,为政府部门制定卫生规划和疾病预防控制提供科学依据。方法用描述流行病学方法对房山区2007—2009年居民死因资料进行分析。结果 2007—2009年房山区居民年均死亡率433.64/10万,前5位死因的年均死亡率是脑血管病(114.56/10万)、心脏病(110.00/10万)、恶性肿瘤(97.94/10万)、呼吸系统疾病(38.60/10万)、损伤和中毒(35.55/10万)。男性年均死亡率258.20/10万,女性年均死亡率175.44/10万,城镇地区居民年均死亡率107.19/10万,农村地区年均死亡率326.45/10万。1～34岁人群均以损伤和中毒为首要死因,35岁以上人群以恶性肿瘤、脑血管病、心脏病等慢性疾病为主要死因。结论 2007—2009年,脑血管病、心脏病、恶性肿瘤等慢性病是导致房山区居民死亡的主要原因,而生活方式、生活工作环境及饮食结构均为可能的致病高危因素。因此,今后该区的卫生工作应强调疾病预防为主、防治结合的方针,大力开展健康教育,对不同的目标人群、不同的危险因子采取有效的干预措施。

[Objective] To understand the health status and leading death causes of residents in Fangshan district of Beijing, provide the scientific evidences for making the sanitation layout and controlling disease. [Methods]The death causes data of residents in Fangshan district during 2007-2009 were analyzed with discriptive epidemiological method.[Results]During 2007-2009, the annual average mortality of residents in Fangshan district was 33.64/lakh, and annual average mortality of top five death causes were as followed： cerebrovascular disease （（114.56/lakh）, heart disease （110.00/lakh）, malignant tumor （97.94/lakh）, respiratory diseases （38.60/lakh）, injury and poisoning （（35.55/lakh）. The annual average mortality of men and women was 258.20/lakh and 175.44/lakh respectively. The annual average mortality of residents in urban areas was 107.19/lakh, and that of residents in rural area was 326.45 /lakh. The primary death cause of people aged 1~34 years was injury and poisoning, and the leading death cause of people aged over 35 years were malignant tumor, cerebrovascular disease and heart disease.[Conclusion]The chronic diseases, including cerebrovascular disease, heart disease and malignant tumor, were the leading death cause of residents in Fangshan district from 2007 to 2009. The possible high-risk pathogenic factors were life style, living and working environment, diet structure. Therefore, the sanitary work for the future in this district should conform to the guideline of ＂prevention first, combination of prevention and treatment＂, the heslth education shoud be strengthened, and the effective intervention measures shoud be carried out according to different target population and risk factors.