东黑冠长臂猿鸣叫特征及气象因子对鸣叫的影响

Effects of meteorological factors on singing behavior of eastern black crested gibbons ( Nomascus nasutus)

鸣叫是长臂猿非常典型的一个特征,并且受到生物因素和非生物因素(如气象因子)的影响。为了解东黑冠长臂猿的鸣叫特征以及气象因子对鸣叫的影响,2008年8月至2009年10月,采用全事件记录法对栖息在广西邦亮自然保护区3个东黑冠长臂猿野生群体的鸣叫行为进行观察。结果表明东黑冠长臂猿倾向于在早晨鸣叫,有91.4%的鸣叫发生在日出前0.5h至日出后3h之间,其中53.1%的鸣叫发生在日出后1h内。平均每个群体的鸣叫频次为69.7%,一个群体平均每天鸣叫1.24次,鸣叫的平均持续时间为18.3min。一次二重唱中,雌性平均激动鸣叫4.4次。长臂猿鸣叫的起始时间在光照强度的影响下差异显著,阴天和雾天鸣叫的起始时间延后,且雾天最迟;降雨致使长臂猿体能的损失和光照强度减弱,从而引起鸣叫起始时间的延后和持续时间缩短;温度对长臂猿鸣叫的影响并不显著。

Gibbons are characterized by their species-specific calls,which are known to be affected by both biotic and abiotic factors （ such as meteorological factors） . To identify the effects of meteorological factors on the singing behavior of eastern black crested gibbons （ Nomascus nasutus） ,we monitored three groups in Bangliang Nature Reserve,Guangxi,from August 2008 to October 2009 using all-occurrence recording. Groups sang during 69. 7% of days monitored,and sang an average of 1. 24 bouts per singing day. Over 90% of the songs were produced between 30 minutes before and three hours after the sunrise. The average duration of the songs was 18. 3 min,and females produced 4. 4 great calls/duet bout. Gibbons called later relative to sunrise on foggy days than on cloudy or sunny days. They produced shorter bouts and called later on rainy days,presumably because the energy loss and weaker solar radiation. We detected no effect of temperature on singing behavior.