玛纳斯河流域土壤类型空间分布格局分析

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF SOIL TYPES IN MANAS RIVER BASIN

以玛纳斯河流域为例,运用G IS技术和景观生态学原理,对土壤类型空间分布格局进行了定量分析,得出以下结论：（1）玛纳斯河流域各土壤类型的分离度指数大多集中在0~3之间,各土壤类型的分布相对比较集中;（2）玛纳斯河流域土壤空间分形结构特征客观存在;（3）玛纳斯河流域各土壤类型的斑块形状复杂性差距较大。分维数最大的是草甸盐土,为1.709,土壤斑块的镶嵌结构最复杂。平均形状指数最大的是新积土,为3.684,土壤斑块的长短轴之比较大,斑块形状偏离正方形或圆形的程度较大;（4）玛纳斯河流域土壤类型多样性指数为3.037,均匀度指数为0.803,表明研究区内各土壤类型的异质性和多样性较高;（5）土壤类型的优势度指数为2.465,斑块密度指数为0.027,表明流域内的土壤是由半固定风沙土等少数几种土壤类型所控制。

Spatial distribution of the soil types in the Manas River Basin was analyzed quantitatively by means of the Geographic Information System and the principles of Landscape Ecology.Results show that the dissociation index of the soil types in the basin varies in the range of 0～3,which means they are quite concentrated in distribution.A spatial fractal structure does exist with the soil.And the mosaic complexity of the soil types differs remarkably.The highest fractal dimension belongs to the meadow saline soil,being 1.709,that is to say,the most complex in mosaic complexity.The highest average shape index lies with the new soil,being 3.684,which means this type has a higher aspect ratio,as well as a higher deviation degree from a square or round.The diversity index of the soil types is 3.037 and the uniformity index is 0.803,indicating their high heterogeneity and high diversity within the research area.The dominance index of the soil types is 2.465 and the patch density index is 0.0273,which show that the soil in Manas River Basin is dominated by a few soil types,such as the semi-fixed aeolian soil.