里山彝语性别词缀的来源及语法化

The Origin and Grammaticalization of the Gender Suffixes in the Lishan Yi Language

里山彝语的性别词缀可能来源于固有词"母亲"、"父亲"。阴性词缀-mo31在语法化过程中形成四条语义虚化链:母亲——女性;母亲——雌性动物——动物;母亲——能结果实的雌性植物——圆形特征;母亲——大。阳性词缀-bo31、-phu33的语义虚化链是:父亲——雄性动物;-pho31的语义虚化链是:父亲——男性——人。阴性、阳性词缀都经历了从词根到词缀的语法化演变。

The gender suffixes in the Lishan Yi language probably came from the words,＇mother＇and ＇father＇.In the process of grammaticalization the female suffix -mo31 constructs four semantic paths：1） from ＇mother＇to＇woman＇;2） from＇mother＇to＇female animal＇,and then to＇animal＇;3） from＇mother＇to ＇female plant＇,and then to＇round＇;4） from ＇mother＇to ＇big/old＇.The semantic development of the male suffixes,bo31 and phu33,are from ＇father＇to ＇male animal＇.The male suffix pho31 develops from ＇father＇to＇man＇,further to＇people＇.In general,the female and male suffixes are all derived from root words.