静电纺丝技术的最新进展

Recent advancements in electrospinning process

静电纺丝技术主要用于纳米纤维的生产。早在1934年,Formhals就在其专利中报道了该项技术。最近几年,研究者们将静电纺丝技术应用于如生物多聚体、工程塑料、导电聚合物、嵌段聚合物、陶瓷和复合原料的纳米纤维生产,得到可控直径的纳米纤维。通过改变纳米纤维之间的排列与堆积方式,可以得到各种复合材料。排列整齐的纳米纤维可用于复合材料、结构增强体、电化学传感材料、骨架和组织工程材料的制造。静电纺纳米纤维膜具有比表面积大、孔隙率高等特点,适合做化学吸附材料和军用、民用的过滤材料。

The origin of electrospinning as a viable technique for producing nanofibers can be traced back to 1934 when Formhalls patented his first invention. In the last few years the work of many researchers has made the electrospinning process suitable for processing of wide variety of biopolymers, engineering plastics, conducting polymers, block copolymers, ceramics and composite materials to produce nanofibers with controllable di- ameters. Several researchers have attempted to align the fibers in specific patterns and to stack layer-by-lay- er to produce composites. The aligned nanofibers can be potentially applied in composite materials, rein- forcements, electrochemical sensing, bone and tissue engineering. The large surface area to volume ratio and porous structure as compared to the conventional fiber enable these fibers to be used in adsorption of chemicals, mailitary and civilian filtration.