科学实践概念的起源——兼论新教伦理在科学实践概念确立中的作用

The Origin of Practice in Scientific View——On the Role of Protestant Ethic in Establishing the Concept of Practice in Science

科学实践活动是指系统的科学观察和科学实验及其对科学理论的检验活动等,由此构成了科学实践的概念。各种科学探索研究活动在古代并没有纳入西方传统哲学的实践范畴中,只是在宗教改革后,科学实践概念才在新教伦理中得以确立,马克思把宗教"天职观"下的科学实践概念颠倒了过来置于人的物质生活的基础上。科学实践观念的确立引导了近代科学的产生和发展。为什么只有在西欧实验精神才能那样深入人心?最终确立了科学实践的概念,这是值得探讨的,这从一个侧面反映了近代科学在西欧发生发展的机制。

The scientific practice is referred to the scientific observation,scientific experiment and the activities that can use to test the theory hypothesis.In the view of ancient western traditional philosophy,scientific research studies were not included in the scientific practical paradigm.The concept of scientific practice was defined after the Reformation.While Marx reversed the traditional understanding of practices that is based on the religious view of ＂the vocation notion＂ and employed it on the basis of material life for human being.The development of modern science and technology was guided by the establishment of scientific practice.Why the experimentalism has been around in Western Europe and develops the concept of scientific practice？ It also reflects the mechanism of its generation and development for modern science in Western Europe.