纳米二氧化硅气凝胶隔热材料的研究进展

Progress in nano-sized silica gel-thermal insulation material

作为一种超级隔热材料,二氧化硅气凝胶具有极高的孔隙率和极低的热导率。着重介绍了纳米二氧化硅气凝胶隔热材料的类型以及制备方法。常见的制备方法为先制成纳米孔气凝胶的颗粒和粉料,再掺入增强纤维和黏结剂,经二次成型制成复合体。分析了二氧化硅气凝胶复合隔热材料存在的问题,简要介绍了最新的改进技术,提出今后研究的主要目标,即通过廉价原料制备出较低密度下有良好强度和热导率的气凝胶复合材料,最后对其研究前景进行了展望。

As a super thermal insulation material,silica-aerogel has extra-high porosity and extra-low thermal conductivity.Types and prepareing methods of nano-sized silica gel-thermal insulation material were emphatically introduced.Most common method was that nanoporous aerogel particles and powders were made firstly,then mixed with reinforcing fiber and binder,the composite was made by post-forming lastly.Problems existing in the prepared composite were analyzed and the latest improvement technologies were briefly introduced.Major study in future was also put forward,i.e.to prepare the silica gel-thermal insulation material with good strength and thermal conductivity under the condition of low density from low-cost raw materials.Finally,the prospect of research on this material was proposed.