思想型权力:马克思意识形态概念的功能学解读

Thought-type Power: A Functional Interpretation of Marx’s Ideology Concept

马克思意识形态批判经历了哲学认识论、政治社会学与政治经济学视阈的序列转换。通过异质视阈的有机结合,马克思建构了非常厚重的意识形态理论和极具张力的意识形态概念系统。在这三种不同的概念框架内,意识形态概念"贬义的"、"陈述的"与"褒义的"性质得到了清晰呈现。在"经济基础—上层建筑"构架下,将意识形态阐发为经济基础的"副现象"、阶级社会的结构性要素、制度化的思想体系和思想型权力,马克思成功建构了现代意识形态概念的理论内核,同时也提供了破解意识形态之谜的功能学阐释方法,意识形态概念由此真正成为政治生活中的通用语。

Marx’s ideology criticism has undergone the process from philosophical epistemology, political sociology to political economy. Through the organic synthesis of different fields of vision, Marx constructs a profound ideology theory and a system of ideology concept which possesses a great tension. Within the three distinct conceptual structures, the 'derogatory', 'declarative' and 'commendatory' qualities of ideology concept have been clearly revealed. Under the framework of 'economic-basis superstructure', Marx successfully establishes the theoretical core of modern ideology concept by elucidating ideology as a 'subsidiary-phenomenon' of the economic basis, structural element of the class society, systematized ideology and a thought-type power. Simultaneously Marx offers a way of functional interpretation to solve the enigma of ideology, which makes ideology concept a real general language in political life.