西藏人地关系研究

Research on Man-land Relationship in Tibet

改革开放30多年来,在党和国家的大力支持以及西藏人民的不断努力下,西藏大地发生了翻天覆地的变化,地区综合发展取得了巨大成就。然而,地处高原边疆、自然环境条件恶劣、生态环境脆弱等特点也给地区经济社会发展带来巨大挑战。这种背景下,如何实现地区人地关系协调发展就成为诸如西藏等生态环境敏感区域发展研究中亟待解决的重大课题,而人地关系协调演进的定量识别则是解决该重大课题的前提条件。文章在参考同类研究的大量成果的基础上,分别构建了"人地关系"中反映"人的活动程度"和"地的承载能力"的评价指标及人地关系协调演进的评判标准,运用数学模型定量测度了西藏自治区2004～2008年区域人地关系的协调演进状况。结果表明,近5年来,西藏自治区的人地关系从中度失调衰退逐渐走向良好协调发展,且有向优质协调发展过渡的趋势。人地关系的这种变化趋势既符合国家对西藏发展的要求,又符合西藏自身发展的目标,对西藏自治区实现全面协调可持续发展具有重要的推动作用。

In the past 30 years since China＇s reform and opening up,with the support of the Communist Party of China and the Chinese government as well as the continued efforts by Tibetan local people,Tibet has undergone tremendous changes and made great achievements on its comprehensive development.However,the characteristic that Tibet locates on the Plateau border,under extreme natural conditions and fragile ecological environment and so on also brought about great challenges to its economic and social development.In this circumstance,how to realize the coordinated development between man and land became an important issue to be resolved in the sensitive ecological areas such as Tibet.The quantitative identification of coordinated evolution of man-land relationship is the precondition to resolve the above issues.According to the results of large number of similar studies,this paper tries to construct the evaluation index of＂the extent of human activities＂ and ＂the land carrying capacity＂and the evolution of man-land relationship.At the same time,it uses mathematical model to evaluate the process of man-land relationship of Tibet from 2004 to 2008.The result showed that man-land relationship in Tibet during the past five years has changed from moderate offset recession to well-coordinated development,and is going to a coordinated development.The change of man-land relationship meets not only the country＇s requirements of the development of Tibet,but also the goal of self-development in Tibet.It will promote the sustainable and coordinated development in Tibet.